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2009 Iranian presidential election protests
Protests ((ペルシア語: ۱۳۸۸ تظاهرات انتخابات ''Tazahorat-e-Entekhabat-e-Hezar-o-Seesad Hashdad-o-hasht'')) against the 2009 Iranian presidential election results (a disputed victory by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi) occurred in major cities nationwide from 2009 into 2010. The protests were given several titles by their proponents including the Green Revolution, the Green Wave or the Sea of Green, reflecting presidential candidate Mousavi's campaign color, and also the Persian Awakening by the western media.
The protests began the night of 12 June 2009, following the announcement that incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had won nearly 60 percent despite several reported irregularities. However, all three opposition candidates claimed that the votes were manipulated and the election was rigged, and candidates Mohsen Rezaee and Mousavi lodged official complaints. Mousavi announced that he "won't surrender to this manipulation" before lodging an official appeal against the result to the Guardian Council on 14 June.〔 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ordered an investigation into the claims of voting fraud and irregularities as per the request of the Green movement leaders. Ahmadinejad called the election "completely free" and the outcome "a great victory" for Iran, dismissing the protests as little more than "passions after a soccer match".
Despite the relative peaceful nature of the protests, the police and the Basij (a paramilitary group) suppressed them by using batons, pepper spray, sticks and, in some cases, firearms; the most widely known victim was Neda Agha-Soltan, who was shot and her last moments were uploaded to YouTube and was broadcast around the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neda Soltan, Young Woman Hailed as Martyr in Iran, Becomes Face of Protests )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC News - Neda Agha Soltan's family accuse Iran of her killing )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran: Violent Crackdown on Protesters Widens )〕 Opposition groups have also reported that thousands more have been arrested and tortured in prisons around the country, with former inmates alleging mass rape of men, women, and children by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards in prisons such as Kahrizak and Evin.〔()〕 The Iranian government has confirmed the deaths of 36 people during the protests, while unconfirmed reports by supporters of Mousavi allege that there have been 72 deaths (twice as many) in the three months following the disputed election, with a possibly higher number, since relatives of the deceased are forced to sign documents claiming they had died of heart attack or meningitis. Iranian authorities have closed universities in Tehran, blocked web sites, blocked cell phone transmissions and text messaging, and banned rallies.〔
The creation of the Iranian Green Movement was developed during these protests. The events have also been nicknamed the "Twitter Revolution" because of the protesters' reliance on Twitter and other social-networking Internet sites to communicate with each other.
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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